戴爾美語--托福閱讀考滿分秘訣-推論題解題示範

If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer butlarger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds. Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example, as many as 1,125 viable seeds per square meter were found in a 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia. Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species. The rapid colonization of such sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the large seed bank on the forest floor.

1. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the reason that large seeds

are dispersed by birds or small animals rather than by wind?

(A) Large seeds are easier for birds and animals to see than are the small seeds dispersed by the wind.

(B) Large seeds are too heavy for the wind to disperse.

(C) Large seeds cannot be eaten by birds and animals.

(D) Large seeds are short-lived and thus require a more efficient means of dispersal than small seeds do.

Answer:

在TOEFL Reading 若出現推論題(Inference)可利用:利用文中 (1) 轉折語 ;

(2) 極致詞; (3) 強調字等原則進行分析.

題目: 在第三段中,關於較大之種子藉由鳥類或小動物來傳播而非靠風之理由可以推論出? 

關鍵字詞---  large seeds  / dispersed by birds or small animals

原文定位--- 段落第二句, Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat.Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds.

許多植物依賴著風以散播及產生豐富大量之小, 且壽命短的種子以便補償在風無法總是得以充當一個足以使種子到達適當棲息地之可信賴媒介.  為此, 一些植物已發展出替代策略, 諸如若植物產出較少但較大之種子, 那麼該些種子則會由鳥類與小型哺乳類動物散播至適當之地點, 抑或產生長壽之種子以因應.

根據題幹, 較大之種子藉由鳥類或小動物來傳播而非靠風, 原文訊息提出乃是因為風僅能傳播小且短壽命之種子, 然而尺寸較大種子, 因重量大無法仰賴風, 故而尋求替代補償方法為借助鳥類或小動物傳播.  答案為 B.  

本文摘錄自TPO32

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